Understanding E-Commerce
Electronic Commerce (Electronic Commerce), as part of Electronic Business (business conducted using electronic transmission), by experts and business people try formulated definition. In general e-commerce can be defined as any form of trade transactions / commercial goods or services (trade of goods and services) using electronic media. Clearly, apart from those mentioned above, that these commercial activities are part of business activity. In conclusion, "e-commerce is a part of e-business."
Electronic media are discussed in this paper for a while just focused in terms of media use the Internet. Because the use of internetlah most popular currently used by many people, besides the things that could be categorized as being 'boom'. It should be underlined, with the development of technology in the future, opens the possibility of the use of network medium other than the Internet in e-commerce. So our thinking not be absorbed in the use of internet media alone.
Use of the Internet was chosen by most people today because of easiness that is owned by the Internet network, namely:
Internet as a public network is very large (huge / widespread network), as owned by a public electronic network, that is cheap, quick and easy access.
Using electronic data as a medium for the delivery of messages / data so it can be done sending and receiving information in a simple and concise, whether in the form of analog and digital electronic data.
From what has been described above, in other words, in e-commerce, the parties conducting the trade / commerce related only through a public network (public network) in the latest developments using the Internet media.
E-commerce is business activities involving consumers (consumers), manufacturing (manufactures), service providers and brokers (intermediaries) by using computer networks (computer networks), namely the Internet.
Julian Ding in his book E-commerce: Law & Practice, suggests that e-commerce as a concept that can not be defined. E-commerce has different meanings to different people.
Meanwhile, Onno W. Purbo Wahyudi and Aang who cite his opinion David Baum, said that: "e-commerce is a dynamic set of technologies, aplications, and business procces that link enterprises, consumers, and communities through electronic transactions and the electronic exchange of goods, services, and information ". That e-commerce is a dynamic set of technologies, applications and business processes that connect businesses, consumers and communities through electronic transactions and trade in goods, services and information that will be conducted electronically.
E-commerce is used as a business transaction between the company and that one with another company, between companies and customers (customer), or between companies and institutions engaged in public service. If classified, e-commerce system is divided into three types of applications, namely:
· Electronic Markets (EMS).
EMS is a tool that uses information and communication technology to perform / present the offer in a market segment, so that buyers can compare a variety of prices offered. In another sense, the EMS is an inter-organizational information systems that provide facilities for the sellers and buyers to exchange information about prices and products offered. EMS facility gains for the customer is more realistic and efficient in terms of time. As for sellers, it can distribute information about products and services offered by more quickly so as to attract more customers.
· Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).
EDI is a means to streamline data exchange transactions are repeated regularly in large numbers between commercial organizations.
EDI formally defined by the International Data Exchange Association (IDEA) as "transfer of structured data with a standard format agreed by from one computer system to other computer systems using electronic media."
EDI is widely used, usually used by large groups of retail trade when conducting business with their suppliers.
EDI is a standardized coding transactions, so that commercial organizations can communicate directly from one computer system that one into another computer system without the need for hardcopy, invoices, and to avoid delays, errors are not intentional in the handling of files and intervention from humans.
Advantages of using EDI are booking a short time, reduce costs, reduce errors, get a quick response, fast delivery and accurate invoicing and payment can be done electronically.
· Internet Commerce.
Internet commerce is the use of internet-based technology
information and communication for trade. These commercial activities such as advertising in the sale of products and services. Transactions that can be done on the internet, among others, ordering / purchase of goods where the goods will be sent by mail or other means after the money transferred into the seller's account.
Use of the Internet as a medium for marketing and sales channels proved to have the advantage, among others, for certain products are better suited offered via the Internet; cheaper price considering creating a site on the internet cheaper cost compared to open retail outlets in various places, the internet is a media promotions company
and the most appropriate product with a relatively cheaper price, and purchase over the Internet will be followed by the service delivery of goods arrive at the customer.
Characteristics of E-Commerce.
Unlike ordinary trading transactions, e-commerce transactions has some very special characteristics, namely:
Transactions without boundaries
Before the Internet era, the boundaries of geography be a barrier of a company or individual who wants to go-international. Thus, only companies or individuals with large capital to market its products outside of this negeri.Dewasa with small and medium sized internet entrepreneur to market their products internationally simply by creating a web site or by placing ads on Internet sites without a time limit (24 hours ), and of course customers from all over the world can access the site and conduct transactions on line.
Transactions anonymous
The seller and buyer in the transaction via the internet does not have to meet face to each other. Sellers do not need the name of the purchaser in respect of payment has been authorized by the provider payment system that is determined, usually by credit card.
Digital and non digital products
Digital products such as computer software, music and other products that is digital can be marketed through the internet by downloading electronically. In the development of objects offered via the Internet is also included items other necessities of life.
Items of intangible goods
Many companies engaged in e-commercen to offer intangible goods separti data, software and ideas that are sold through the internet.
Implementation of e-commerce in the industrial world are becoming increasingly widespread application not only change the atmosphere of competition becomes increasingly dynamic and global, but has formed a separate community called the Community of Electronic Business (Electronic Business Community). This community take advantage of cyberspace as a place to meet, communicate, and coordinate this intense use of media and telecommunication infrastructure and information technology in performing daily activities. Just as in traditional societies, meetings between various parties with diverse interests naturally has set up a meeting place for its own market demand (demand) and supply (supply). Transactions that occur between demand and supply can easily be done even if the concerned are in different geographic side because of the progress and development of information technology, which in this case is an e-commerce technology.
In general e-commerce can diklasifasikan into two types, namely: Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Consumer (B2C).
Business to Business (B2B) is a business communications systems on-line businesses, while the Business to Consumer (B2C) is a mechanism for on-line store (electronic shopping mall), ie transactions between e-merchants with e-customers
In the Business to Business transactions are generally done by the trading partners who knew each other with the data format agreed. While in the Business to Customer are open to the public, so that each individual can access via a web server. In this study, hereafter to be discussed is the Business to
Customer.
The mechanism of E-Commerce.
Electronic transactions between e-merchants (those who offer goods or services via the internet) with e-customers (those who buy goods or services via the internet) that occur in cyberspace or on the internet in general take place in a paperless transaction, while the documents used in the transaction is not a paper document, but documents
electronic (digital document).
Contracts on line in e-commerce by Cavanillas and A. Santiago Martines Nadal, as quoted by Arsyad Sanusi has many types and variations which are:
Contract through the chat and video conferencing;
Contract via e-mail;
Contract through the web or site.
Chat and Video Conference is a communication tool provided by the Internet is used for interactive dialogue directly. With someone to chat to communicate directly with other people just like the phone, only through chat communication is written or read a statement on each computer.
As the name implies, video conferencing is a tool for talking with several parties with a view pictures and hear the voice of those directly contacted by the appliance. Thus do the contract by using chat and video conferencing services can be conducted directly between parties by using the means of computer or television monitor.
Contract via e-mail is one of the on-line contracts are very popular because of e-mail users is currently very much and worldwide with very cheap cost and time efficient. To obtain an e-mail address can be done by registering themselves to the service provider free e-mail or by registering as a subscriber on a particular server or ISP. Contract e-mail may be sent to a person offering or
to many people who are members of a mailing list, and the acceptance and receipt of all notifications sent via e-mail.
In addition, e-mail contract with the supply of goods can be delivered through Web sites that post a bid, while the reception is done via e-mail.
Contract through the web can be done by a supplier web site (both located on the server supplier or placed on third party servers) have a description of your products or services and a series of pages that are self-contraction, which can be used to make the contract itself, which enables Web visitors to order products or services.
The consumer must provide personal information and must include credit card numbers.
Furthermore, the mechanism is as follows:
- For products on line in the form of software, buyers are allowed to download it;
- For physical tangible products, delivery of goods carried to the home consumer;
- To purchase services, the supplier provides to serve consumers in accordance with the time and place specified in the agreement.
The mechanism of electronic transactions with e-commerce began with the offering of a particular product by the seller (eg domiciled in the USA) at a site through a server located in Indonesia (eg detik.com). If the Indonesian consumers make purchases, the consumer will fill mail orders that have been provided by the sellers.
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