Music is sound that is received by the individual and vary based on history, location, culture and tastes of a person. True definition of music is also diverse:
* Beep / impression of something that was captured by the listener senses
* A work of art with all our constituents and supporters.
* All sounds are produced intentionally by a person or group and served as music
Some people think music is not tangible at all.
Music by Aristotle has the ability to reconcile a troubled heart, has a recreational therapy and foster patriotism.
Music streams:
Here is a list of flow / main genres of music. Each genre is divided into several sub-genres. Categorizing music like this, although it is sometimes a subjective thing, but it is one of the sciences are studied and determined by experts of world music.
In recent decades, the music world suffered a lot of progress. Many types of new music that was born and developed. Trip Hop music example which is a blend of beat-beat electronic pop music that mild and pleasant. Examples of musicians that carries this kind of music is Frou Frou, Sneaker Pimps and Lamb. There is also a hip-hop rock that was carried by Linkin Park. Not to mention rock and neo-wave dance rock that is now being ins. many new music groups that fly with this kind of music, including Franz Ferdinand, Bloc Party, The Killers, The Bravery and many more.
Even now there are many bands that carry the local language song with the rhythm of rock music, jazz and blues. Musical groups that brought this new stream in Indonesia have been pretty much one of them is carrying the Funk de Java Java-language songs in rock music.
* Classical music
* Music folk / traditional music
* Religious Music
o Gambus
o Kasidah
o Nasyid
* Blues
* Jazz
* Country
* Rock
* Pop
* R & B
* Popular Music
* The music world
sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik
Sabtu, 12 Maret 2011
five pillars of Islam and the six pillars of faith in Islam
Islam gives a lot of religious practice. The adherents are generally encouraged to hold the Five Pillars of Islam, namely the five pillars that unite Muslims as a community. Supplement to the Five Pillars, Islamic law (sharia) has built a tradition of command that has touched on almost all aspects of life and society. This tradition includes everything from practical things like halal, banking, jihad and charity.
The contents of the five Pillars of Islam are:
1. Two sentences say the shahada and believe that nothing is entitled to be obeyed and worshiped except Allah alone properly and believes that Muhammad is His slave and messenger of God.
2. Establish obligatory prayers five times a day.
3. Fasting during Ramadan.
4. Pay zakat.
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca for those who can afford.
Muslims also believe Pillars of Faith which consisted of 6 cases namely:
1. Faith in God
2. Faith in God's angel
3. Faith in the Book of Allāh (the Quran, Bible, Torah, Psalms and suhuf)
4. Faith in the Prophets and Messengers of Allah
5. Faith in the Day of Resurrection
6. Faith in the qada and qadar
The contents of the five Pillars of Islam are:
1. Two sentences say the shahada and believe that nothing is entitled to be obeyed and worshiped except Allah alone properly and believes that Muhammad is His slave and messenger of God.
2. Establish obligatory prayers five times a day.
3. Fasting during Ramadan.
4. Pay zakat.
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca for those who can afford.
Muslims also believe Pillars of Faith which consisted of 6 cases namely:
1. Faith in God
2. Faith in God's angel
3. Faith in the Book of Allāh (the Quran, Bible, Torah, Psalms and suhuf)
4. Faith in the Prophets and Messengers of Allah
5. Faith in the Day of Resurrection
6. Faith in the qada and qadar
The family
The family is the smallest unit of society which consists of heads of families and a few people gathered and lived in a place under one roof in a state of interdependence.
According Salvicion and Celis (1998) in the family there are two or more than two persons are joined by blood, marriage or appointment, at his life in a single household, interacting with one another and within their respective roles and to create and maintain a culture.
Basically there are eight family duty basic tasks as follows [citation needed:
1. Physical maintenance of the family and its members.
2. Maintenance of resources that exist within the family.
3. The division of duties of each member in accordance with their respective position.
4. Socialization among family members.
5. Setting the number of family members.
6. Maintenance order family members.
7. Placement of family members in the wider society.
8. Generating encouragement and enthusiasm of its members.
Family-run function is:
1. Function of Education visits from how to educate families and send their children to prepare for adulthood and future children.
2. The function of socialization of children seen from how families prepare children to become good members of society.
3. Protection function seen from how families protect children so that family members feel protected and feel safe.
4. Feelings function of how the family viewed the instuitif feel the feeling and atmosphere of children and other members in communication and interaction among family members. So that mutual understanding of each other in growing harmony in the family.
5. Function of Religious views of how to introduce and invite families of children and other family members through family heads instill confidence that regulates life and now another life after the world.
6. Economic Functions views of how the heads of families looking for income, manage earnings in such a way as to meet the needs of family-rkebutuhan.
7. Function recreational visits from how to create a pleasant atmosphere in the family, such as watching TV shows together, telling stories about their experiences, and other.
8. Biological function of how the family viewed as the next generation continue the descent.
9. Providing love, attention, and sense of security diaantara families, and foster maturation of the personality of the family.
sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga
According Salvicion and Celis (1998) in the family there are two or more than two persons are joined by blood, marriage or appointment, at his life in a single household, interacting with one another and within their respective roles and to create and maintain a culture.
Basically there are eight family duty basic tasks as follows [citation needed:
1. Physical maintenance of the family and its members.
2. Maintenance of resources that exist within the family.
3. The division of duties of each member in accordance with their respective position.
4. Socialization among family members.
5. Setting the number of family members.
6. Maintenance order family members.
7. Placement of family members in the wider society.
8. Generating encouragement and enthusiasm of its members.
Family-run function is:
1. Function of Education visits from how to educate families and send their children to prepare for adulthood and future children.
2. The function of socialization of children seen from how families prepare children to become good members of society.
3. Protection function seen from how families protect children so that family members feel protected and feel safe.
4. Feelings function of how the family viewed the instuitif feel the feeling and atmosphere of children and other members in communication and interaction among family members. So that mutual understanding of each other in growing harmony in the family.
5. Function of Religious views of how to introduce and invite families of children and other family members through family heads instill confidence that regulates life and now another life after the world.
6. Economic Functions views of how the heads of families looking for income, manage earnings in such a way as to meet the needs of family-rkebutuhan.
7. Function recreational visits from how to create a pleasant atmosphere in the family, such as watching TV shows together, telling stories about their experiences, and other.
8. Biological function of how the family viewed as the next generation continue the descent.
9. Providing love, attention, and sense of security diaantara families, and foster maturation of the personality of the family.
sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga
Friendship
Having a true friend is more valuable than a thousand friends selfish
What we experience for the sake of friends is sometimes tedious and annoying, but that's what makes friendship
have a wonderful value.
Friendship often presents some trials, but true friendship can overcome the temptation to grow even with so ...
Friendship is not created automatically but requires a lengthy process such as iron sharpens iron, so a friend sharpens his friend ..
Friendship colored with various experiences joy and sorrow, be entertained - hurt, note - let down, Audible - ignored, assisted - rejected, but all these have never intentionally done with the purpose of hatred ..
A friend does not hide mistakes to avoid disputes, precisely because of his love he ventured to rebuke what it is.
Companions never wrap a blow with a kiss, but said what was very painful for the purpose of his friend want to change.
The process of friends become friends require maintenance of the loyalty business, but not when we need help then we have the motivation to seek attention, help and pernyataaan love from others, but instead he took the initiative to provide and realize what is needed by his friend.
Longing is to become part of the life of his friend, because there is no friendship that begins with self-important attitude.
Everyone will need a true friend, but not everyone got it. Many people who have been enjoying the beauty of friendship, but some are so devastated by his best friend betrayed.
Remember the last time you're in trouble. Who was on your side?
Who loves you when you feel unloved?
Who would want to be with you
when you can not give you anything?
They are YOUR FRIEND
Always cherish and guard your friendship with them.
** In the heyday, my friends know us. In adversity, we know our friends **
sumber dari : http://renungan-harian-kita.blogspot.com/2007/11/sahabat-sejati.html
What we experience for the sake of friends is sometimes tedious and annoying, but that's what makes friendship
have a wonderful value.
Friendship often presents some trials, but true friendship can overcome the temptation to grow even with so ...
Friendship is not created automatically but requires a lengthy process such as iron sharpens iron, so a friend sharpens his friend ..
Friendship colored with various experiences joy and sorrow, be entertained - hurt, note - let down, Audible - ignored, assisted - rejected, but all these have never intentionally done with the purpose of hatred ..
A friend does not hide mistakes to avoid disputes, precisely because of his love he ventured to rebuke what it is.
Companions never wrap a blow with a kiss, but said what was very painful for the purpose of his friend want to change.
The process of friends become friends require maintenance of the loyalty business, but not when we need help then we have the motivation to seek attention, help and pernyataaan love from others, but instead he took the initiative to provide and realize what is needed by his friend.
Longing is to become part of the life of his friend, because there is no friendship that begins with self-important attitude.
Everyone will need a true friend, but not everyone got it. Many people who have been enjoying the beauty of friendship, but some are so devastated by his best friend betrayed.
Remember the last time you're in trouble. Who was on your side?
Who loves you when you feel unloved?
Who would want to be with you
when you can not give you anything?
They are YOUR FRIEND
Always cherish and guard your friendship with them.
** In the heyday, my friends know us. In adversity, we know our friends **
sumber dari : http://renungan-harian-kita.blogspot.com/2007/11/sahabat-sejati.html
LOVE TIPS
Finding true love is not as easy as turning the palm of the hand, keep in mind and the ideal conditions to determine that someone is your true love. But there are tips that can help find true love.
1. Do not look for it. Love does not come to someone who is looking for him. If indeed you've just ended a relationship, focus on yourself and your personal life first. No need to rush to find new love, and enjoy your solitude.
2. Allow time for yourself. Discover your positive aura. If you feel satisfied with themselves appear, then automatically it will shine a positive aura. And the people around will see it. That's attractiveness for yourself.
3. If you're ready to turn a new page for the relationship, they begin to choose what kind of character desirable pair. Not only physically but also mentally and personality.
4. Mingle and hang out. This will open the opportunity for you to meet new people. Who knows one of them is your true love.
5. Dare to take risks. If one day you meet someone who according to the criteria of true love, do not hesitate to take action. Begin introductions and establishing relationships. Because the opportunity does not come twice.
6. Most importantly, love yourself first. Live with happiness and never give up hope. Rest assured, every person is created in pairs. The problem is just getting the right people, at the right time.
SUMBER : http://id.shvoong.com/humanities/1770931-tips-temukan-cinta-sejati/
1. Do not look for it. Love does not come to someone who is looking for him. If indeed you've just ended a relationship, focus on yourself and your personal life first. No need to rush to find new love, and enjoy your solitude.
2. Allow time for yourself. Discover your positive aura. If you feel satisfied with themselves appear, then automatically it will shine a positive aura. And the people around will see it. That's attractiveness for yourself.
3. If you're ready to turn a new page for the relationship, they begin to choose what kind of character desirable pair. Not only physically but also mentally and personality.
4. Mingle and hang out. This will open the opportunity for you to meet new people. Who knows one of them is your true love.
5. Dare to take risks. If one day you meet someone who according to the criteria of true love, do not hesitate to take action. Begin introductions and establishing relationships. Because the opportunity does not come twice.
6. Most importantly, love yourself first. Live with happiness and never give up hope. Rest assured, every person is created in pairs. The problem is just getting the right people, at the right time.
SUMBER : http://id.shvoong.com/humanities/1770931-tips-temukan-cinta-sejati/
OUR LEGEND
Cindelaras
(LEGEND)
(LEGEND)
Raden Putra was the king of the Kingdom Jenggala. He was accompanied by a consort of good heart and a beautiful concubine. However, the concubine of King Raden Putra has the nature of envy and jealousy against the empress. He is a bad plan to the empress. "Supposedly, I'm the one who became empress. I must find a way to get rid of the empress, "she thought.
Concubine of the king, conspired with a physician's palace. He pretended to severe pain. Court physicians be called immediately. The healer said that someone had put poison in the drink lady. "The man was none other than the consort of King himself," said the physician. King became angry to hear the explanation the court physician. He immediately ordered his patih to get rid of the empress to the forest.
The governor immediately took empress who was pregnant was the wilderness. But, a wise governor would not kill him. Apparently the governor had known the king's concubines malicious intent. "Mr. daughter not to worry, I will report to the king that the princess was murdered servant," said the governor. To deceive the king, his vizier stain his sword with the arrest of rabbit blood. King bear satisfied when the governor reported that he had killed the empress.
After several months in the jungle, was born the son of the empress. The baby was given the name Cindelaras. Cindelaras grow into a child who is smart and handsome. Since childhood he had been friends with forest-dwelling animals. One day, when you're busy playing, a hawk dropped an egg. "Well, the eagle was very good. He deliberately gave eggs to me. "After 3 weeks, the eggs hatch. Cindelaras chicken with diligent care of the child. Chick grew into a cock is good and strong. But there is one oddity. The sound of a rooster crowing it's absolutely stunning! "Kukuruyuk ... lord Cindelaras, his house in the middle of the jungle, the roof of palm leaves, his father Raden Putra ..."
Cindelaras very surprised to hear crowing chickens and immediately showed his mother. Then, the mother tells the origin Cindelaras why they got in the forest. Hearing the story of his mother, Cindelaras determined to expose the crime to the palace and the king's concubines. Having allowed his mother, Cindelaras went to the palace accompanied by a rooster. While on the way there are some people who were risking chicken. Cindelaras then summoned by the penyabung chicken. "Come on, if you dare, adulah jantanmu chicken with my chicken," she challenged. "Well," replied Cindelaras. When pitted, it turns out Cindelaras cock fight with powerful and in a short time, he can beat his opponent. After a few times pitted, chicken Cindelaras unbeatable. The chicken is really tough.
News of the wonders of chicken Cindelaras spread quickly. Raden Putra had heard the news. Then, Raden Putra told hulubalangnya to invite Cindelaras. "I was facing his excellency," said Cindelaras politely. "The boy is handsome and intelligent, it seems he is not a descendant of the common people," thought the king. Chicken Cindelaras pitted with chicken Raden Putra on one condition, if the chicken Cindelaras lose then he was willing to cut off his head, but if the chicken wins then half the wealth belongs Cindelaras Raden Putra.
Two chickens were fighting bravely. But in a short time, chicken chicken Cindelaras conquered the King. The audience cheered and chanted Cindelaras chicken. "Well I admit defeat. I will keep my promise. But who are you, young man? "Tanya King Raden Putra. Cindelaras immediately bent like whispered something in his chicken. Not long after the chicken immediately rang. "Kukuruyuk ... lord Cindelaras, his house in the middle of the jungle, the roof of palm leaves, his father Raden Putra ...," the rooster crowed repeatedly. Raden Putra Cindelaras shocked to hear crowing cock. "Is it true?" Ask the king surprise. "Yes sir, name Cindelaras servant, the servant is the consort of King's mother."
Simultaneously, the governor immediately face and tell all the events that really happened in consort. "I've made a mistake," said King Raden Putra. "I'll give justly punished in my mistress," continued the king with rage. Then, the concubine Raden Putra was in the exhaust into the forest. Raden Putra immediately embraced her and apologized for his mistakes after that, Raden Putra and district chief consort to the forest to pick up soon .. Finally Raden Putra, empress and Cindelaras can get together again. After Raden Putra died, Cindelaras replace his father. He ruled his country with a fair and wise.
Sumber: www.e-smartschool.com AND http://legendakita.wordpress.com/2008/09/03/cindelaras/#more-28
AUDIT
Audit or investigation in a broad sense meaningful evaluation of an organization, system, process, or product. Audit conducted by the relevant competent, objective, and impartial, called auditors. The aim is to verify that the subject of the audit has been completed or running in accordance with the standards, regulations, and practices that have been approved and accepted.
Financial audit is the audit of financial statements of companies or organizations that will result in third-party opinion about the relevance, accuracy, and completeness of the reports.
Financial audits are generally conducted by a firm or independent public accountants who have to follow accounting principles generally accepted. Many companies employ an internal auditor who focuses on monitoring the implementation and operation of the company to ensure compliance with organizational policies.
Operational Audit is a review of every part of the organizational standard operating procedures and methods applied to an organization with the aim to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness, and economy (3E).
Compliance Audit is a work process that determines whether the party being audited has followed the procedures, standards, and certain rules set by the authorities.
Investigative Audit is: 1. "A series of activities to recognize (Recognize), identify (identify), and test (Examine) in detail the information and facts available to uncover the truth in order of proof to support the legal process for alleged financial irregularities that can harm an entity (company / organization / country / region). " 2. "A search for the truth, is in the interest of justice and in accordance with specification of law" (in common law countries)
So, audit is a series of activities covering:
1. The process of evidence collection and evaluation
2. Information that can be measured. Evaluated the information is information that can be measured. Things that are qualitative in nature should be grouped in a group of measurable, so it can be assessed according to the size that is clear, for instance Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor Good, and Not Good to the size of clear criteria.
3. Economic entity. To affirm that the audited entity that is, either the Company, Division, or the other.
4. Done by someone (or several people) who are competent and independent-called Auditor.
5. Determining the suitability of the information with the criteria of irregularities were found. The determination must be based on a clear size. That is, by what criteria it is said to be deviant.
6. Reported results. The report contains information about the suitability of the information that is tested and the criteria, or incompatibility information that was tested with the criteria and show evidence of such inconsistency.
sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit
Financial audit is the audit of financial statements of companies or organizations that will result in third-party opinion about the relevance, accuracy, and completeness of the reports.
Financial audits are generally conducted by a firm or independent public accountants who have to follow accounting principles generally accepted. Many companies employ an internal auditor who focuses on monitoring the implementation and operation of the company to ensure compliance with organizational policies.
Operational Audit is a review of every part of the organizational standard operating procedures and methods applied to an organization with the aim to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness, and economy (3E).
Compliance Audit is a work process that determines whether the party being audited has followed the procedures, standards, and certain rules set by the authorities.
Investigative Audit is: 1. "A series of activities to recognize (Recognize), identify (identify), and test (Examine) in detail the information and facts available to uncover the truth in order of proof to support the legal process for alleged financial irregularities that can harm an entity (company / organization / country / region). " 2. "A search for the truth, is in the interest of justice and in accordance with specification of law" (in common law countries)
So, audit is a series of activities covering:
1. The process of evidence collection and evaluation
2. Information that can be measured. Evaluated the information is information that can be measured. Things that are qualitative in nature should be grouped in a group of measurable, so it can be assessed according to the size that is clear, for instance Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor Good, and Not Good to the size of clear criteria.
3. Economic entity. To affirm that the audited entity that is, either the Company, Division, or the other.
4. Done by someone (or several people) who are competent and independent-called Auditor.
5. Determining the suitability of the information with the criteria of irregularities were found. The determination must be based on a clear size. That is, by what criteria it is said to be deviant.
6. Reported results. The report contains information about the suitability of the information that is tested and the criteria, or incompatibility information that was tested with the criteria and show evidence of such inconsistency.
sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit
TAX
Taxes are the dues of the people to the state treasury under the laws enforced, so it can get-with no direct remuneration. Tax authorities levied based on legal norms to cover the cost of production of goods and services collectively to achieve common prosperity.
Government agency which manages the state taxation in Indonesia is the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT), which is one of the directorate general of which is under the auspices of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia.
There are various limitations or definition of "tax" proposed by experts include the following:
* According to Prof. Dr. P. J. A. Adriani, taxes are the dues to the state of society (which may be imposed) are payable by the compulsory payment to them under the general rules (the law) by not getting back an immediate achievements may be appointed and that the point is to finance public expenditures task Logo country to govern.
* According to Prof. Dr. H. Rochmat Soemitro SH, taxes are the dues to the people of the State Treasury under the law (which can be imposed) by not getting services lead (contra achievement) directly demonstrated and used to pay for general expenses. The definition is then dikoreksinya which reads as follows: A tax is a transfer of wealth from the people of the State Treasury to finance routine expenditure and the surplus is used for public saving which is the main source to finance public investment.
* Meanwhile, according to Ray M. Sommerfeld, Herschel M. Anderson, & Horace R Brock, a tax is a transfer of resources from the private sector into the government sector, not the result of violations of the law, but shall be carried out, based on the provisions established in advance, without obtaining rewards direct and proportional, so the government can carry out its tasks to run the government.
Taxes from an economic perspective is understood as a shift of resources from the private sector to the public sector. This understanding suggests that the tax causes the two situations to be changed. First, the reduced ability of the individual in control of resources for the sake of mastery of goods and services. Second, the increased ability of state finance in the provision of public goods and services that are needed by society.
While an understanding of tax law perspective by Soemitro is an engagement that arises because of the law giving rise to the obligation of citizens to deposit a certain income to the state, the state has the power to coerce and tax money should be used for governance. From the legal approach shows that the tax should be levied on the basis of the laws that guarantee the existence of legal certainty, both for tax authorities as tax collectors and taxpayers as taxpayers.
Tax according to Article 1 of Law No.28 of 2007 on general provisions and procedures of taxation is "mandatory contributions to the state owed by individuals or bodies that are enforceable under law, to not get direct feedback and is used for state purposes for maximum benefit and prosperity of the people
Tax element
From the various definitions given to good tax sense economically (taxes as a transfer of resources from the private sector to public sector) or juridical sense (taxes are contributions that can be imposed) can be deduced about the elements contained in tax terms such as follows:
1. Taxes levied under the legislation. This principle is in accordance with the third amendment of article 23A of the 1945 Constitution which states "taxes and other levies that are forced to use the state governed by law."
2. Did not find reciprocal services (konraprestasi individual) that can be shown directly. For example, people who obey pay motor vehicle taxes will go through the road that are as good as people who do not pay taxes on motor vehicles.
3. Tax collections are for general financing purposes of government in order to perform governmental functions, both routine and development.
4. Withholding tax can be imposed. Taxes can be imposed if the taxpayer does not comply with tax obligations and may be penalized in accordance perundag rules and regulations.
5. In addition to budgetary functions (budget) is the function of filling the State Treasury / State Budget needed to cover the financing of governance, taxes also serve as a tool to organize or carry out state policies in economic and social field (function set / regulative).
ith the increasing depth of information and the growing popularity of Internet technology, network security has become an important part of the affect network performance. How to make a tax information network system from hacker attacks, how to ensure data security and reliability, the current tax system has become the information in one of the important issues that must be considered.
Beijing Capitel Co., Ltd. in the field of information security based on their own experience, from a comprehensive perspective of security, combined with their understanding of the actual situation in the network of tax, in accordance with customer requirements, will first China with independent intellectual property rights framework based on the ASIC Capitel-CF2000 CG600-based Gigabit Firewall success to access information from the provincial network of national tax systems, the system provides efficient, safe, practical and security.
Firewall access environment
As shown below, the provincial state tax systems, servers and farmland tax return, business, customs, banks and other horizontal network connectivity, and also provides Web services through the Internet to achieve Internet filing, tax business bears the province. To ensure that the tax authorities in various cities in tax unhindered access to the server group, returns the server needs to reach the network wire-speed Gigabit backbone, congestion can not exist, usually flow will reach more than 100MB, especially in the tax period, then the network will reach across borders. Capitel firewall CF2000 64b-CG600-wire speed packet forwarding can be done without losing the package, fully meet the performance requirements of the national tax system.
If failure of network equipment, which generate tax revenue on-line does not work, social impacts and property damage is very serious, national tax system on equipment requirements for high reliability. Capitel provide hot standby solution, a firewall to the active-standby mode, if the primary Active wall failure, the standby from the wall in less than 1 second to active employment status, to ensure their business operations.
Implementation of solutions
We know that at this stage state tax risk province network security, business systems, office automation systems, online payment of the tax system and national taxation system, running on the network, while not strictly in the management of safety management systems for controlling network operations. Capitel adviser to provincial status and security through the tax system network security risk analysis of national, dependent on Capitel firewall performance and advanced facilities and experience in the field of security, develop a set of security solutions, and gradually have been implemented:
● Provincial tax will be divided into different network security domain, each domain through the spread of a firewall system between the isolation and control access to each other;
● establishment of intrusion detection probes, through the firewall that comes with kernel-level subsystems Capitel IDS intrusion detection, to achieve real-time detection of network attacks and IDS with other vendor equipment linkage;
● create an integrated system of identity authentication, the firewall that comes through authentication subsystem CA Capitel, ensure legitimate access to information resources and communication privacy;
● log analysis system which was established by the firewall log log Capitel hosted unified analysis and management tools, and support for logging network storage.
Capitel firewall VPN subsystem, subsystem bandwidth management, a comprehensive real-time monitoring sub-system, the classification subsystem national tax authority management, network information system of integrated security management center, so that all product safety and use of security policies can be centralized, distribution center.
Security services and training
Dynamic network security, safety and overall security once and for all, not just pile on security products to solve the problem. Information security systems, including organization, management and technology. Tax systems in the field of information technology provinces, Beijing Capitel Co., Ltd. in the implementation of comprehensive security solutions also include long-term information services relating to security projects. Including safety training, safety first emergency response, security policy development and safety assessment.
Tax Type:
In the review of the terms Institution Tax collector can be divided into two types:
1. State Tax
Often called the central tax is the tax levied by the Central Government consisting of:
* Income Tax
Stipulated in Law no. 7 / 1983 concerning Income Tax which was amended last by Act No. 36 of 2008
* Value Added Tax and Sales Tax on Luxury Goods
Stipulated in Law no. 8 / 1983 on Value Added Tax and Sales Tax on Luxury Goods last amended by Law no. 42 Year 2009
* Land and Building Tax
Stipulated in Law no. 12 of 1985 concerning land and building tax which changed last time by Law no. 12 of 1994
* Customs Acquisition of Land and Buildings
Stipulated in Law no. 21 years of 1997 on Customs Acquisition of Land and Buildings are modified by the Law No. 20 of 2000
* Stamp Duty
Law no. 13 Year 1985 on Stamp Duty
2. Local Taxes
* Motor vehicle tax
* Taxes radio
* Tax reklame
Tax function:
Taxes have a very important role in national life, particularly in the implementation of development because it is a source of state income tax to finance all expenses including development expenditure. Based on the above items, the tax has several functions, namely:
* The function of the budget (budgetair)
As a source of state revenue, the tax serves to finance state expenditures. To perform routine tasks and implement state of development, the state requires a fee. These costs can be obtained from tax revenue. Today the tax used to finance routine such as personnel expenditure, expenditure of goods, maintenance, and so forth. To finance the construction, the money spent from the savings the government, namely domestic revenues minus expenditures. This government savings from year to year should be increased according to development financing needs of the growing and this is especially expected from the tax sector.
* Function set (regulerend)
Government can regulate economic growth through tax policy. With the function set, the tax could be used as a means to an end. For example, in order that the capital investment, both domestic and abroad, given the various kinds of tax relief facilities. In order to protect domestic production, the government established a high import duty for foreign products.
* Function stability
With the tax, the government has the funding to carry out policies relating to price stability so that inflation can be controlled, this can be done, among others, by regulating the circulation of money in society, tax collection, tax the use of effective and efficient.
* The function of income redistribution
Taxes are levied by the state will be used to finance all the public interest, as well as to finance the construction so as to open employment opportunities, which in turn can increase people's income.
sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajak
Government agency which manages the state taxation in Indonesia is the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT), which is one of the directorate general of which is under the auspices of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia.
There are various limitations or definition of "tax" proposed by experts include the following:
* According to Prof. Dr. P. J. A. Adriani, taxes are the dues to the state of society (which may be imposed) are payable by the compulsory payment to them under the general rules (the law) by not getting back an immediate achievements may be appointed and that the point is to finance public expenditures task Logo country to govern.
* According to Prof. Dr. H. Rochmat Soemitro SH, taxes are the dues to the people of the State Treasury under the law (which can be imposed) by not getting services lead (contra achievement) directly demonstrated and used to pay for general expenses. The definition is then dikoreksinya which reads as follows: A tax is a transfer of wealth from the people of the State Treasury to finance routine expenditure and the surplus is used for public saving which is the main source to finance public investment.
* Meanwhile, according to Ray M. Sommerfeld, Herschel M. Anderson, & Horace R Brock, a tax is a transfer of resources from the private sector into the government sector, not the result of violations of the law, but shall be carried out, based on the provisions established in advance, without obtaining rewards direct and proportional, so the government can carry out its tasks to run the government.
Taxes from an economic perspective is understood as a shift of resources from the private sector to the public sector. This understanding suggests that the tax causes the two situations to be changed. First, the reduced ability of the individual in control of resources for the sake of mastery of goods and services. Second, the increased ability of state finance in the provision of public goods and services that are needed by society.
While an understanding of tax law perspective by Soemitro is an engagement that arises because of the law giving rise to the obligation of citizens to deposit a certain income to the state, the state has the power to coerce and tax money should be used for governance. From the legal approach shows that the tax should be levied on the basis of the laws that guarantee the existence of legal certainty, both for tax authorities as tax collectors and taxpayers as taxpayers.
Tax according to Article 1 of Law No.28 of 2007 on general provisions and procedures of taxation is "mandatory contributions to the state owed by individuals or bodies that are enforceable under law, to not get direct feedback and is used for state purposes for maximum benefit and prosperity of the people
Tax element
From the various definitions given to good tax sense economically (taxes as a transfer of resources from the private sector to public sector) or juridical sense (taxes are contributions that can be imposed) can be deduced about the elements contained in tax terms such as follows:
1. Taxes levied under the legislation. This principle is in accordance with the third amendment of article 23A of the 1945 Constitution which states "taxes and other levies that are forced to use the state governed by law."
2. Did not find reciprocal services (konraprestasi individual) that can be shown directly. For example, people who obey pay motor vehicle taxes will go through the road that are as good as people who do not pay taxes on motor vehicles.
3. Tax collections are for general financing purposes of government in order to perform governmental functions, both routine and development.
4. Withholding tax can be imposed. Taxes can be imposed if the taxpayer does not comply with tax obligations and may be penalized in accordance perundag rules and regulations.
5. In addition to budgetary functions (budget) is the function of filling the State Treasury / State Budget needed to cover the financing of governance, taxes also serve as a tool to organize or carry out state policies in economic and social field (function set / regulative).
ith the increasing depth of information and the growing popularity of Internet technology, network security has become an important part of the affect network performance. How to make a tax information network system from hacker attacks, how to ensure data security and reliability, the current tax system has become the information in one of the important issues that must be considered.
Beijing Capitel Co., Ltd. in the field of information security based on their own experience, from a comprehensive perspective of security, combined with their understanding of the actual situation in the network of tax, in accordance with customer requirements, will first China with independent intellectual property rights framework based on the ASIC Capitel-CF2000 CG600-based Gigabit Firewall success to access information from the provincial network of national tax systems, the system provides efficient, safe, practical and security.
Firewall access environment
As shown below, the provincial state tax systems, servers and farmland tax return, business, customs, banks and other horizontal network connectivity, and also provides Web services through the Internet to achieve Internet filing, tax business bears the province. To ensure that the tax authorities in various cities in tax unhindered access to the server group, returns the server needs to reach the network wire-speed Gigabit backbone, congestion can not exist, usually flow will reach more than 100MB, especially in the tax period, then the network will reach across borders. Capitel firewall CF2000 64b-CG600-wire speed packet forwarding can be done without losing the package, fully meet the performance requirements of the national tax system.
If failure of network equipment, which generate tax revenue on-line does not work, social impacts and property damage is very serious, national tax system on equipment requirements for high reliability. Capitel provide hot standby solution, a firewall to the active-standby mode, if the primary Active wall failure, the standby from the wall in less than 1 second to active employment status, to ensure their business operations.
Implementation of solutions
We know that at this stage state tax risk province network security, business systems, office automation systems, online payment of the tax system and national taxation system, running on the network, while not strictly in the management of safety management systems for controlling network operations. Capitel adviser to provincial status and security through the tax system network security risk analysis of national, dependent on Capitel firewall performance and advanced facilities and experience in the field of security, develop a set of security solutions, and gradually have been implemented:
● Provincial tax will be divided into different network security domain, each domain through the spread of a firewall system between the isolation and control access to each other;
● establishment of intrusion detection probes, through the firewall that comes with kernel-level subsystems Capitel IDS intrusion detection, to achieve real-time detection of network attacks and IDS with other vendor equipment linkage;
● create an integrated system of identity authentication, the firewall that comes through authentication subsystem CA Capitel, ensure legitimate access to information resources and communication privacy;
● log analysis system which was established by the firewall log log Capitel hosted unified analysis and management tools, and support for logging network storage.
Capitel firewall VPN subsystem, subsystem bandwidth management, a comprehensive real-time monitoring sub-system, the classification subsystem national tax authority management, network information system of integrated security management center, so that all product safety and use of security policies can be centralized, distribution center.
Security services and training
Dynamic network security, safety and overall security once and for all, not just pile on security products to solve the problem. Information security systems, including organization, management and technology. Tax systems in the field of information technology provinces, Beijing Capitel Co., Ltd. in the implementation of comprehensive security solutions also include long-term information services relating to security projects. Including safety training, safety first emergency response, security policy development and safety assessment.
Tax Type:
In the review of the terms Institution Tax collector can be divided into two types:
1. State Tax
Often called the central tax is the tax levied by the Central Government consisting of:
* Income Tax
Stipulated in Law no. 7 / 1983 concerning Income Tax which was amended last by Act No. 36 of 2008
* Value Added Tax and Sales Tax on Luxury Goods
Stipulated in Law no. 8 / 1983 on Value Added Tax and Sales Tax on Luxury Goods last amended by Law no. 42 Year 2009
* Land and Building Tax
Stipulated in Law no. 12 of 1985 concerning land and building tax which changed last time by Law no. 12 of 1994
* Customs Acquisition of Land and Buildings
Stipulated in Law no. 21 years of 1997 on Customs Acquisition of Land and Buildings are modified by the Law No. 20 of 2000
* Stamp Duty
Law no. 13 Year 1985 on Stamp Duty
2. Local Taxes
* Motor vehicle tax
* Taxes radio
* Tax reklame
Tax function:
Taxes have a very important role in national life, particularly in the implementation of development because it is a source of state income tax to finance all expenses including development expenditure. Based on the above items, the tax has several functions, namely:
* The function of the budget (budgetair)
As a source of state revenue, the tax serves to finance state expenditures. To perform routine tasks and implement state of development, the state requires a fee. These costs can be obtained from tax revenue. Today the tax used to finance routine such as personnel expenditure, expenditure of goods, maintenance, and so forth. To finance the construction, the money spent from the savings the government, namely domestic revenues minus expenditures. This government savings from year to year should be increased according to development financing needs of the growing and this is especially expected from the tax sector.
* Function set (regulerend)
Government can regulate economic growth through tax policy. With the function set, the tax could be used as a means to an end. For example, in order that the capital investment, both domestic and abroad, given the various kinds of tax relief facilities. In order to protect domestic production, the government established a high import duty for foreign products.
* Function stability
With the tax, the government has the funding to carry out policies relating to price stability so that inflation can be controlled, this can be done, among others, by regulating the circulation of money in society, tax collection, tax the use of effective and efficient.
* The function of income redistribution
Taxes are levied by the state will be used to finance all the public interest, as well as to finance the construction so as to open employment opportunities, which in turn can increase people's income.
sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajak
financial accounting and financial reporting
Financial Accounting is part of the accounting related to the preparation of financial statements for external parties, such as shareholders, creditors, suppliers, and government. The main principle used in financial accounting is the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity). Financial accounting related to the problem of recording transactions for a company or organization and preparation of various periodic reports from the record results. This report is prepared for general interest and are typically used to assess the achievements of the company owner or manager used managers as financial accountability to shareholders. The important thing is the existence of financial accounting Financial Accounting Standards (GAAP), which are the rules that must be used in the measurement and presentation of financial statements for external purposes. Thus, the expected financial statement users and authors can communicate through these financial statements, because they use the same reference that is GAAP. SAK it was implemented in Indonesia in 1994, replacing the principles of Accounting Indonesia in 1984.
These financial statements are records of a company's financial information in an accounting period which can be used to describe the performance of the company. These financial statements are part of the financial reporting process. Comprehensive financial report usually includes:
* Balance Sheet
* Statement of income
* Reports of changes in equity
* Report changes in financial position that can be presented in the form of cash flow or funds flow statement
* Notes and other statements and explanatory material that is an integral part of these financial statements
The element that relates directly to the measurement of financial position are assets, liabilities, and equity. While the elements associated with the measurement kinereja in the income statement are income and expenses. The consolidated financial position usually reflects the various elements of the consolidated income and changes in various elements of the balance sheet.
Differences Reporting and Financial Statements
Must distinguish between understanding of financial reporting (English: financial reporting) and financial statements (in English: financial reports). Financial Reporting covers all aspects relating to the provision and peyampaian financial information. These aspects are among other involved agencies (eg the preparation of standards, the regulatory body of the government or the capital markets, professional organizations, and the reporting entity), the applicable regulations including GAAP (generally acceptable accounting principles, or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles / GAAP). These financial statements is just one medium of information delivery. Even should also be distinguished between the statement (in English: statement) and statement (in English: report)
According to the Financial Accounting Standards issued by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants and financial reporting purposes is Provide information concerning the financial position, performance, and changes in financial position of an enterprise that benefits a large number of users in decision making.
Financial statements prepared for this purpose meet the common needs of most users. However, the financial statements do not provide any information that may be required users in making economic decisions because in general describe the financial effects and events of the past, and are not obliged to provide non-financial information.
The financial statements also show what has been done management (English: stewardship), or management responsibility over the resources entrusted to it. Users who want to see what has been done or management responsibility to do so for them to make economic decisions. These decisions include, for example, the decision to hold or sell their investment in the company or the decision to appoint or replace management.
Qualitative characteristics are traits that make information in financial reports useful to the user. There are four principal qualitative characteristics are:
* Can Be Understood
* Relevant
* Reliability
* Can be compared
Sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org
These financial statements are records of a company's financial information in an accounting period which can be used to describe the performance of the company. These financial statements are part of the financial reporting process. Comprehensive financial report usually includes:
* Balance Sheet
* Statement of income
* Reports of changes in equity
* Report changes in financial position that can be presented in the form of cash flow or funds flow statement
* Notes and other statements and explanatory material that is an integral part of these financial statements
The element that relates directly to the measurement of financial position are assets, liabilities, and equity. While the elements associated with the measurement kinereja in the income statement are income and expenses. The consolidated financial position usually reflects the various elements of the consolidated income and changes in various elements of the balance sheet.
Differences Reporting and Financial Statements
Must distinguish between understanding of financial reporting (English: financial reporting) and financial statements (in English: financial reports). Financial Reporting covers all aspects relating to the provision and peyampaian financial information. These aspects are among other involved agencies (eg the preparation of standards, the regulatory body of the government or the capital markets, professional organizations, and the reporting entity), the applicable regulations including GAAP (generally acceptable accounting principles, or Generally Accepted Accounting Principles / GAAP). These financial statements is just one medium of information delivery. Even should also be distinguished between the statement (in English: statement) and statement (in English: report)
According to the Financial Accounting Standards issued by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants and financial reporting purposes is Provide information concerning the financial position, performance, and changes in financial position of an enterprise that benefits a large number of users in decision making.
Financial statements prepared for this purpose meet the common needs of most users. However, the financial statements do not provide any information that may be required users in making economic decisions because in general describe the financial effects and events of the past, and are not obliged to provide non-financial information.
The financial statements also show what has been done management (English: stewardship), or management responsibility over the resources entrusted to it. Users who want to see what has been done or management responsibility to do so for them to make economic decisions. These decisions include, for example, the decision to hold or sell their investment in the company or the decision to appoint or replace management.
Qualitative characteristics are traits that make information in financial reports useful to the user. There are four principal qualitative characteristics are:
* Can Be Understood
* Relevant
* Reliability
* Can be compared
Sumber dari : http://id.wikipedia.org
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